In Pi-Hole you can define groups and add devices to them and then assign block lists to those groups. I’m not sure if all your use cases are covered. Maybe you can check their discourse to see if others have found a decent way. The web interface is quite nice from my point of view.
https://discourse.pi-hole.net/t/block-internet-access-at-certain-times/12036
What’s your problem with PiHole? Why do you need Cron jobs? I’m quite happy with PiHole. If you like, I can try to help you with some questions there.
Thanks for that hint. How am I supposed to use the filter as exclude? I only saw it working as include only. Thanks!